What role did Joe Rogan and other podcasters play in the election?
President-elect Donald Trump spent the months leading up to Tuesday's Election Day making the rounds on the podcast circuit.
Those podcasts racked up millions and millions of views and listens across various platforms. Influential figures within Trump's circle are praising the appearances, with Trump set to return to the White House .
Ultimate Fighting Championship CEO Dana White shouted out multiple podcast hosts during a quick speech Wednesday morning in Florida at Trump's election night watch party after Trump asked him to speak.
ELECTION RESULTS: Who won and who lost?"I want to thank the Nelk Boys, Adin Ross, Theo Von, Bussin' With The Boys. And last but not least, the mighty and powerful Joe Rogan," White said.
Earlier in the night, Elon Musk appeared on Tucker Carlson's Election Night special and also credited the podcast appearances from Trump and Vice President-elect J.D. Vance for making in-roads with voters.
"I think it made a big difference that President Trump and soon-to-be Vice President Vance went on lengthy podcasts," Musk said. "This really makes a difference because people look at Joe Rogan's podcast, which is great, and Lex Fridman's and the 'All-In' podcast, and to a reasonable-minded, smart person — who's not hardcore one way or the other — they just listen to someone talk for a few hours and that's how they decide whether you're a good person, whether they like you."
Starting with an appearance on "Impaulsive with Logan Paul" published on June 13, Trump was featured on around two dozen podcast episodes or livestreams in the lead-up to the election, according to lists compiled by Forbes and Podchaser .
Those episodes don't include any that were republished content or re-aired interviews. They also didn't include radio appearances on the Sean Hannity Show that were later posted as podcasts.
The podcasts and livestreams posted on YouTube accumulated more than 104 million views as of late Wednesday morning.
His most notable appearance was on "The Joe Rogan Experience," speaking with Rogan for three hours at the podcaster's Austin-based studio. That podcast had 46,085,129 views on YouTube as of 11 a.m. Wednesday.
"If you're a big fan of Joe Rogan and you hear Trump on there for three hours, you're gonna feel like you really know Trump after listening to that podcast," said Jennifer Mercieca, a professor at Texas A&M University and historian of political rhetoric in the U.S. "It can have a big impact with that audience."
BEHIND THE TREND: More than half of Latino Texans voted for Trump. Here's why.Trump also appeared on other podcasts with hosts that have ties to Texas.
A few days before Trump's interview with Rogan dropped, he appeared on "Six Feet Under with Mark Calaway." Calaway is better known as the Houston-raised Hall of Fame wrestler The Undertaker. Trump also appeared on the PBD Podcast , hosted by businessman Patrick Bet-David, who has Texas roots.
"You probably took notice in how Donald Trump really focused on many of the hosts that appealed or shows that appeal to what many pundits, news networks and anyone who's made analysis about it call bro culture," said Gabriel Soto, senior director of research at Edison Research. "Donald Trump and his campaign were betting on the younger male vote, trying to get those listeners that are less likely to go out to the polls and vote and are less likely to answer surveys, based on what we know from our research, they were trying to mobilize them to go out and vote."
His podcast strategy focused on targeting young male voters, according to an in Time Magazine titled "How Trump Won." Eric Cortellessa wrote that "interviews on male-focused podcasts would become a throughline of his extraordinary political resurrection."
None of the interviewers of the podcasts Trump appeared on were women.
CHANGE COMING?: Which Texans could be in the running for Trump administration roles?Trump wasn't the only candidate to do a podcast circuit. Vice President Kamala Harris also appeared on multiple podcasts, and Soto said she focused on shows that appealed to women. That included a spot on the "Call Her Daddy" podcast . But an appearance on Rogan's podcast, the podcast with the most weekly listeners in the country , didn't come to fruition after Rogan said he and the Harris team couldn't agree on specifics of the potential interview.
Rogan said the Harris campaign offered a date for the interview but Rogan would have to travel to conduct the interview. He refused, stating he wanted to do it in Austin at his studio.
Soto said there isn't enough data at this time to prove whether one strategy was more effective than the other because Harris' appearances on podcasts may have made a difference, even if it didn't lead to a victory.
Mercieca also said that while it is too early to parse out the impact podcasts had on the presidential election, they will continue to be a strategy for candidates going forward. She compared it to how it was "incredibly abnormal" when Bill Clinton went on "The Arsenio Hall Show" and MTV in 1992 but a politician appearing on a television talk show nowadays wouldn't shock anyone.
"They're a place where candidates can meet audiences and do it sort of in a really friendly way," Mercieca said of podcasts. "They didn't choose the same podcasts, but they did both choose to go on podcasts, and it's not at all a surprise that they would do that. Candidates want to reach out to voters, and so they want to meet them where they are, and at this moment in time, it's a smart move to go on podcasts."